To optimize tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plant tissue culture condition, the effect of 13 different hormonal combinations and two explants of cotyledon and hypocotyl on the regeneration rate of three Newton, Infinity and Defines cultivars were investigated. Experiments were conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The highest shoot number (11.9 shoots per explant) was obtained for Defines cultivar on MS medium containing the hormones of TDZ=0.68, NAA=0.1milligrams per liter and cotyledon explant. Plant defense responses against environmental factors are one of the inhibitor factors of explants regeneration in plant tissue culture. Calcium ion signaling is one of the primary events and, of course, the most important event in plant defense response against pathogens, Therefore, the effect of verapamil as a calcium channel blocker was investigated on the plant defense response. For this purpose, inoculation was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and based on optimized tissue culture condition. The effect of verapamil in four concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per liter was investigated in a co-culture medium. Results showed that the use of verapamil in comparison with the control sample reduced the plant defense response. Also, the use of 50 milligrams per liter of verapamil increased the amount of regeneration

The polite listener In England stares at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest. That eye-blink says nothing to Americans, who expect the listener to nod or to murmur something such as "mm - hmm”. And in some parts of  Far East, it is impolite to look at the other person at all during conversation.It is often argued that, in teaching foreign languages, culture and language are interwoven in a way that it is not possible to present language without its culture. However, until a new method of teaching language, called communicative approach, which is sociolinguistically oriented, had not come into existence, this belief was not used to be observed in textbooks and language classes. This method intends to create situations in the classroom in which foreign language can be used as naturally and authentically as the native speakers of target language use it for communicative purposes.The problem of teaching culture, nevertheless, does not end here. Nowadays, foreign languages are taught with different and varied objectives. Is it necessary for all foreign language learners to get familiar with the culture of foreign language they are supposed to learn? As Schumann (1984) claims, is it true that second language learning is impossible, unless one gives up his/her own native culture and adopts the culture of foreign language community? What are some relevant issues regarding teaching English in Iran? These are actually some basic questions raised in this article. Whereas definite answers are not necessarily provided in this paper, some areas of research related to culture, and teaching foreign language are put forward.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.